The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern suggests viral adaptation to enhance
human-to-human transmission,. Although much effort has focused on the characterization of …

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection causes broad‐spectrum immunopathological disease, exacerbated
by inflammatory co‐morbidities. A better understanding of mechanisms underpinning virus …

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the globally successful B. 1.1. 7 lineage,
suggests viral adaptations to host selective pressures resulting in more efficient …

HIV-1 encodes four" accessory proteins"(Vif, Vpr, Vpu, and Nef), dispensable for viral
replication in vitro but essential for viral pathogenesis in vivo. Well characterized cellular …

People with HIV exhibit persistent inflammation that correlates with HIV-associated
comorbidities including accelerated aging, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and …

The innate immune response to viruses is formed in part by interferon (IFN)-induced
restriction factors, including ISG15, p21, and SAMHD1. IFN production can be blocked by …

HIV-1 must replicate in cells that are equipped to defend themselves from infection through
intracellular innate immune systems. HIV-1 evades innate immune sensing through …

Background Detection of viruses by host pattern recognition receptors induces the
expression of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which suppress viral …

SARS-CoV-2 adaptation to its human host is evidenced by the emergence of new viral
lineages with distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, termed variants of concern …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 replicates in cells that express a wide array of innate immune sensors
and may do so simultaneously with other pathogens. How a coexisting innate immune …