The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the
gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into
different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such …

Strategies for unlocking immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment have been
investigated to overcome resistance to first-generation immune checkpoint blockade with …

Increasing evidence indicates that immunotherapy is hindered by a hostile tumor
microenvironment (TME) featured with deprivation of critical nutrients and pooling of …

Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and
anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural components. The emerging field of …

Amino acids are fundamental units of molecular components that are essential for sustaining
life; however, their metabolism is closely interconnected to the control systems of cell …

Myeloid cells are the most abundant immune components of the tumour microenvironment,
where they have a variety of functions, ranging from immunosuppressive to …

Objective The extent to which tryptophan (Trp) metabolism alterations explain or influence
the outcome of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unclear. However, several Trp …

Objective Gut microbiota is a key player in dictating immunotherapy response. We aimed to
explore the immunomodulatory effect of probiotic Lactobacillus gallinarum and its role in …