Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most
widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant …

Bemisia tabaci has long been considered a complex species. It rose to global prominence in
the 1980s owing to the global invasion by the commonly named B biotype. Since then, the …

Neonicotinoid insecticides comprise seven commercially marketed active ingredients:
imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, clothianidin and …

The first neonicotinoid insecticide introduced to the market was imidacloprid in 1991
followed by several others belonging to the same chemical class and with the same mode of …

The majority of plant-infecting viruses utilize an RNA genome, suggesting that plants have
imposed strict constraints on the evolution of DNA viruses. The geminiviruses represent a …

Historically, Bemisia tabaci has been difficult to control with conventional insecticides in
agronomic and horticultural production systems. In the past 10 years, new insecticide …

The two most damaging biotypes of Bemisia tabaci, B and Q, have both evolved strong
resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid. The major mechanism in all …

Insecticides with growth regulating properties (IGR) may adversely affect insects by
regulating or inhibiting specific biochemical pathways or processes essential for insect …

Abstract The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), has developed
resistance to many insecticides used for its control, recently including imidacloprid, a …

Abstract The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a serious pest in many
crop** systems world‐wide and occurs in different biotypes. The most widespread one is …