Ultimate factors such as food availability and weather create optimal windows of time for
birds to reproduce. However, within a given year, birds must rely upon proximate …

While corticosterone (CORT) is often suggested to be an important hormone regulating
processes necessary for avian migration, there has been no systematic assessment of …

In both captive and free-living birds, the emergence of the migratory phenotype is signalled
by rapid and marked increases in food intake and fuelling, as well as changes in amount of …

The transition to a migratory state involves coordinated changes in physiology and
behaviour. In species with regular, predictable (obligate) migrations, increasing day length …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are metabolic hormones that promote catabolic processes, which
release stored energy and support high metabolic demands such as during prolonged …

Invasive species frequently cope with ecological conditions that are different from those to
which they adapted, presenting an opportunity to investigate how phenotypes change …

Divergent migratory strategies among populations can result in population‐level differences
in timing of reproduction (allochrony) and local adaptation. However, the mechanisms …

Seasonally breeding birds express variations of traits (phenotypic flexibility) throughout their
life history stages that represent adaptations to environmental conditions. Changes of body …

The colonization of urban environments by animals is often accompanied by earlier
breeding and associated changes in seasonal schedules. Accelerated timing of seasonal …

Numerous studies of spring migration have discovered that environmental conditions
experienced on the wintering grounds and/or during vernal migration itself can have “carry …