In recent years, online learning has received more attention than ever before. One of the
most challenging aspects of online education is the students' assessment since academic …

There have been giant leaps in the field of education in the past 1–2 years.. Schools and
colleges are transitioning online to provide more resources to their students. The COVID-19 …

The face image is the most accessible biometric modality which is used for highly accurate
face recognition systems, while it is vulnerable to many different types of presentation …

Assessment is an integral part of online education, much like traditional classroom
education. During the online assessment, evaluation of the learning outcomes presents …

COVID-19 global pandemic pushed a large number of higher educational institutions to use
Online Proctored Exams (OPE) because of government-imposed lockdowns. Treating OPE …

Most online teaching institutions still do not offer complete remote teaching, requiring the
physical presence of the student in the evaluation process (for supervisory reasons), which …

E-learning in higher education is exponentially increased during the past decade due to its
inevitable benefits in critical situations like natural disasters (eg COVID-19 pandemic etc.) …

Identity verification and proctoring of online students are one of the key challenges to online
learning today. Especially for online certification and accreditation, the training organizations …

Online learning has grown in popularity, leading to more widespread utilization of online
exams. Online exams have started to become a preferred method of assessment in both …

Background This article examines the phenomenon of academic integrity during the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with particular reference to emergency …