Tissue mimicking materials (TMMs), typically contained within phantoms, have been used
for many decades in both imaging and therapeutic applications. This review investigates the …

We conducted a comprehensive review of surgical simulation models used in robotic
surgery education. We present an assessment of the validity and cost-effectiveness of virtual …

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is a rapidly advancing technology
with the capability to create intricate and precise structures. This technology has garnered …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review aims to summarize innovations in urologic surgical
training in the past 5 years. Recent Findings Many assessment tools have been developed …

In recent years, soft robotics technologies enabled the development of a new generation of
biomedical devices. The combination of elastomeric materials with tunable properties and …

Polymorphing hydrogels can morph into another structure on demand with reprogrammable
features. This concept extends the degree of morphing beyond that of traditional shape …

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in high-fidelity simulation for medical
applications leading to huge research efforts towards physical organ simulators with realistic …

Hepatobiliary interventions are regarded as difficult minimally-invasive procedures that
require experience and skills of physicians. To facilitate the surgical training, we develop a …

Introduction The methods employed to document cystoscopic findings in bladder cancer
patients lack accuracy and are subject to observer variability. We propose a novel …

Bladder cancer (BC) is the main disease in the urinary tract with a high recurrence rate and it
is diagnosed by cystoscopy (CY). To train the CY procedures, a realistic bladder phantom …