The 2022 and 2023 western Mediterranean summer temperatures exceeded millennial
natural variability, reaching unprecedented anomalies of+ 3.6° C and+ 2.9° C respectively …

Given rapid glacier thinning and retreat observed in the Pyrenees in recent decades, an
updated glacier inventory and continuous mass balance assessments are important to …

This study introduced an innovative technology of syngas direct injection through the
twinning injector system. This technology can simultaneously adjust the equivalence ratio …

In response to increasingly severe weather conditions, optimization of building performance
and investment provides an opportunity to consider co-benefits of thermal resilience during …

Contextualising anthropogenic warming and investigating linkages between past climate
variability and human history require high-resolution temperature reconstructions that …

A severe hailstorm that occurred in Spain on 30 August 2022, caused material and human
damage, including one fatality due to giant hailstones up to 12 cm in diameter. By applying a …

This study investigates indoor thermal comfort during heatwaves in dwellings of the
Southern European city of Pamplona, Spain. Utilizing K-means and Hierarchical clustering …

Air temperature and relative humidity can be considered as two essential meteorological
parameters in the determination of heat stress. The heat index (HI) includes both of them …

Flash droughts (FDs) are distinguished by a rapid development associated with strong
precipitation deficits and/or increases in atmospheric evaporative demand in the short‐term …

Recently, the intensity and frequency of heat waves (HWs) have been increased worldwide.
Particularly in 2022, Europe was severely affected by unprecedented HWs, which caused …