Touchless biometrics, particularly touchless fingerprint recognition, have gained significant
attention in recent years, with the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating the need for clean and …

Touchless fingerprint recognition systems do not require contact of the finger with any
acquisition surface and thus provide an increased level of hygiene, usability, and user …

Contactless fingerprint biometrics has achieved rapid development in the past decades
thanks to its inherent advantages, such as no physical contact between a finger and a …

An automated fingerprint recognition system (AFRS) for 3D fingerprints is essential and
highly promising for biometric security. Despite the progress in develo** 3D AFRSs …

Biometric systems consist of devices, algorithms, and procedures used to recognize
individuals or classes of individuals based on their physical or behavioral characteristics …

“The friction ridge pattern is a 3D structure which, in its natural state, is not deformed by
contact with a surface”. Building upon this rather trivial observation, the present work …

This book offers the first comprehensive analysis of touchless fingerprint-recognition
technologies. It gives an overview of the state of the art, describes relevant industrial …

Recent 3-D scanning techniques can produce various kinds of digitized 3-D data. Most of
these scanned data are in a format of unstructured point clouds. Such low-level …

An index of measuring the variation on a surface called the smooth shrink index (SSI) which
presents robustness to noise and non-uniform sampling is developed in this work …

Human fingers are 3D objects. More information will be provided if three dimensional (3D)
fingerprints are available compared with two dimensional (2D) fingerprints. Thus, this paper …