We analyze the high-energy particle emission from the Sun in two extreme solar particle
events in which protons are accelerated to relativistic energies and can cause a significant …

The acceleration of protons and electrons to high (sometimes GeV/nucleon) energies by
solar phenomena is a key component of space weather. These solar energetic particle …

During the 24th solar cycle, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed a total of
27 solar flares possessing delayed γ-ray emission, including the exceptionally well …

Ground level enhancements (GLEs) are extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events that
are of particular importance in space weather. In solar cycle 24, two GLEs were recorded on …

We present numerical modeling of particle acceleration at coronal shocks propagating
through a streamer-like magnetic field by solving the Parker transport equation with spatial …

The proton energy spectra of 23 energetic storm particle (ESP) events of various types,
occurring either in association with (16 events) or in the absence of (7 events) solar …

With the first observations of solar γ-rays from the decay of pions, the relationship of protons
producing ground level enhancements (GLEs) on the Earth to those of similar energies …

The energy spectra of particles in gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events do not
always have a power-law form attributed to the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism. In …

We have analyzed the particle acceleration processes and energy spectra for the ground
level enhancement (GLE) event on 28 October 2021 using the in situ data registered by …

High-energy particles stream during coronal mass ejections or flares through the plasma of
the solar wind. This causes instabilities, which lead to wave growth at specific resonant …