This manuscript discusses the challenges of applying New Approach Methodologies
(NAMs) for safe by design and regulatory risk assessment of advanced nanomaterials …

The Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept aims to facilitate the development of safer
materials/products, safer production, and safer use and end-of-life by performing timely SbD …

Experimental systems allowing aerosol exposure (AE) of cell cultures at the air-liquid-
interface (ALI) are increasingly being used to assess the toxicity of inhaled contaminants as …

Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measures electrical resistance across epithelial
tissue barriers involving confluent layer (s) of cells. TEER values act as a prerequisite for …

Human respiratory mucus is a biological hydrogel that forms a protective barrier for the
underlying epithelium. Modulation of the mucus layer has been employed as a strategy to …

As part of the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs), numerous in vitro
methods are being developed to characterize the potential toxicity of inhalable xenobiotics …

Air pollution and particulate matter (PM) are the leading environmental cause of death
worldwide. Exposure limits have lowered to increase the protection of human health; …

As a dual-function protein, prosaposin (PSAP) is a lysosome-associated protein that
participates in a variety of cellular processes. In the lysosome, PSAP is processed to activate …

Abstract New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), broadly understood to include in silico, in
chemico, in vitro and ex vivo methods, show great potential in advancing risk assessment …

Abstract New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are being widely used to reduce, refine, and
replace, animal use in studying toxicology. For respiratory toxicology, this includes in silico …