The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges
traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating the microbiome into …

Insect guts present distinctive environments for microbial colonization, and bacteria in the
gut potentially provide many beneficial services to their hosts. Insects display a wide range …

Development of insecticide resistance has been a serious concern worldwide, whose
mechanisms have been attributed to evolutionary changes in pest insect genomes such as …

Nutritional symbionts play a major role in the ecology and evolution of insects. The recent
accumulation of knowledge on the identity, function, genomics, and phylogenetic …

Herbivory, defined as feeding on live plant tissues, is characteristic of highly successful and
diverse groups of insects and represents an evolutionarily derived mode of feeding. Plants …

Microbiomes of soils and plants are linked, but how this affects microbiomes of aboveground
herbivorous insects is unknown. We first generated plant-conditioned soils in field plots, then …

Covering: up to 2018 Insects live in a world full of toxic compounds such as plant toxins and
manmade pesticides. To overcome the effects of these toxins, herbivorous insects have …

Across animals and plants, numerous metabolic and defensive adaptations are a direct
consequence of symbiotic associations with beneficial microbes. Explaining how these …

There is growing evidence of the importance of microbial mutualistic symbioses in insect–
plant interactions. Mutualists may affect host plant range and enable insects to manipulate …

Understanding how horizontally transmitted mutualisms are maintained is a major focus of
symbiosis research. 1, 2, 3, 4 Unlike vertical transmission, hosts that rely on horizontal …