Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), including those for Na+, Ca2+ and K+, selectively
permeate ions across the cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential …

Ca2+-release channels are giant membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from
the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two members, ryanodine receptors …

Ca 2+ is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger that controls diverse cellular functions but can
become toxic and cause cell death. Selective control of specific targets depends on …

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) in heart failure (HF) adversely affects treatment compliance and
quality of life. Although ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) has been linked to cardiac muscle …

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is one of the main pests of corn in
many areas of the American continent. The reliance on pesticides to control fall armyworm …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a major second messenger in cells and is essential for the fate and
survival of all higher organisms. Different Ca2+ channels, pumps, or exchangers regulate …

Data collected on astrocytes' physiology in the rodent have placed them as key regulators of
synaptic, neuronal, network, and cognitive functions. While these findings proved highly …

The voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels convert membrane electrical signals to
intracellular Ca2+-mediated events. Among the ten subtypes of Cav channel in mammals …

Abstract Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of proteins and other biological
macromolecules often aids understanding of how they perform complicated tasks in the cell …

Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular
resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the …