Emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a serious public health
challenge worldwide. However, antibiotic resistance genes are not confined to the clinic; …

Vancomycin and related glycopeptides are drugs of last resort for the treatment of severe
infections caused by Gram‐positive bacteria such as Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus …

The emergence of resistance to all classes of antibiotics in previously susceptible bacterial
pathogens is a major challenge to infectious disease medicine. The origin of the genes …

Covering: 2000 to 2018 The antimicrobial activity of many of their natural products has
brought prominence to the Streptomycetaceae, a family of Gram-positive bacteria that …

Over the millennia, microorganisms have evolved evasion strategies to overcome a myriad
of chemical and environmental challenges, including antimicrobial drugs. Even before the …

Human use of antimicrobials in the clinic, community and agricultural systems has driven
selection for resistance in bacteria. Resistance can be selected at antibiotic concentrations …

Two-component signal-transducing systems are ubiquitously distributed communication
interfaces in bacteria. They consist of a histidine kinase that senses a specific environmental …

Since the first usage of antimicrobials, the burden of resistance among bacteria has
progressively increased and has accelerated within the last 10 years. Antibiotic resistance …

The bacterial cell envelope is the first and major line of defence against threats from the
environment. It is an essential and yet vulnerable structure that gives the cell its shape and …

Antimicrobial resistant strains of bacteria are an increasing threat to animal and human
health. Resistance mechanisms to circumvent the toxic action of antimicrobials have been …