Molybdenum is the only second-row transition metal required by most living organisms, and
is nearly universally distributed in biology. Enzymes containing molybdenum in their active …

Microbes play key geoactive roles in the biosphere, particularly in the areas of element
biotransformations and biogeochemical cycling, metal and mineral transformations …

Arsenic is the most prevalent environmental toxic element and causes health problems
throughout the world. The toxicity, mobility, and fate of arsenic in the environment are largely …

Arsenic and selenium are readily metabolized by prokaryotes, participating in a full range of
metabolic functions including assimilation, methylation, detoxification, and anaerobic …

The human use of toxic heavy metals is here to stay. In addition to intentional poisoning with
arsenic (40)(arsenic levels in the hair of Napoleon Bonaparte approached 40 ppm, more …

Arsenic, which is a major contaminant of many aquatic ecosystems worldwide, is
responsible for serious public health issues. However, life has evolved various strategies for …

Essentially all bacteria have genes for toxic metal ion resistances and these include those
for Ag+, AsO2−, AsO4 3−, Cd2+, Co2+, CrO4 2−, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, TeO3 2−, Tl+ and …

Microorganisms have evolved dynamic mechanisms for facing the toxicity of arsenic in the
environment. In this sense, arsenic speciation and mobility is also affected by the microbial …

Arsenic causes threats for environmental and human health in numerous places around the
world mainly due to its carcinogenic potential at low doses. Removing arsenic from …

The rise of oxygen on the early Earth about 2.4 billion years ago reorganized the redox cycle
of harmful metal (loids), including that of arsenic, which doubtlessly imposed substantial …