Retroviruses infect a broad range of vertebrate hosts that includes amphibians, reptiles, fish,
birds and mammals. In addition, a typical vertebrate genome contains thousands of loci …

The rapid rates of viral evolution allow us to reconstruct the recent history of viruses in great
detail. This feature, however, also results in rapid erosion of evolutionary signal within viral …

Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are viral sequences integrated in host genomes. A large
number of non-retroviral EVEs was recently detected in Aedes mosquito genomes, leading …

Very little is known about the ancient origin of retroviruses, but owing to the discovery of their
ancient endogenous viral counterparts, their early history is beginning to unfold. Here we …

Highlights•Retroviruses are a virus family of considerable medical and veterinary
importance.•Until recently, very little was known about deep retroviral origins.•New research …

Retroviruses exclusively infect vertebrates, causing a variety of diseases. The replication of
retroviruses requires reverse transcription and integration into host genomes. When …

Spumaretroviruses, commonly referred to as foamy viruses, are complex retroviruses
belonging to the subfamily Spumaretrovirinae, family Retroviridae, which naturally infect a …

Macroevolutionary trends exhibited by retroviruses are complex and not entirely understood.
The sloth endogenized foamy-like retrovirus (SloEFV), which demonstrates incongruence in …

Bats are infamous reservoirs of deadly human viruses. While retroviruses, such as the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are among the most significant of virus families that …

Background It appears that substitution rate estimates co-vary very strongly with their
timescale of measurement; the shorter the timescale, the higher the estimated value. Foamy …