This review is part of the series on the clinical neurophysiology of movement disorders. It
focuses on Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. The topics covered include the …

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a common complication in patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD). A complex cascade of electrophysiological and molecular events …

Background Low‐intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a noninvasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) technique with high spatial specificity. Previous studies showed that TUS …

Over the past three decades, substantial advancements have occurred in non-invasive brain
stimulation (NIBS). These developments encompass various non-invasive techniques aimed …

L‐dopa variably influences transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters of motor
cortex (M1) excitability and plasticity in Parkinson's disease (PD). In patients OFF …

Hyperkinesias are heterogeneous involuntary movements that significantly differ in terms of
clinical and semeiological manifestations, including rhythm, regularity, speed, duration, and …

Symptoms of cognitive impairment are rather common since the early stage of Parkinson's
disease (PD); they aggravate with disease progression and may lead to dementia in a …

Parkinson's disease (PD) can be effectively treated with levodopa and dopamine agonists
but leads to levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in most patients in the long run. Various …

This post-hoc analysis investigated the long-term effects of safinamide on the course of
dyskinesia and efficacy outcomes using data from a phase III, open-label 52-week study of …

Objective To elucidate long-term potentiation (LTP)-like effects on the primary motor cortical
(M1) in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and its relationships with clinical features …