In light of findings from research on informal foreign/second language (L2) learning, with a
focus on English as a target language and using the concept of extramural English (EE), this …

Due to the rapid advancement of technology and its impact on English learning outside of
the classroom, Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) has grown in popularity among …

This article discusses research into the role of audio-visual input for second language (L2)
or foreign language learning. It also addresses questions related to the effectiveness of …

This meta-analysis reviewed research between 2012 and 2018 focused on technology-
assisted second language (L2) vocabulary learning for English as a foreign language (EFL) …

This cross‐sectional study investigated the impact of length of instruction, out‐of‐school
exposure to foreign language input, and gender on learners' receptive vocabulary …

This article reports on a mixed-methods study regarding the extent to which the extramural
English (EE), external attributions, self-efficacy (concerning EFL reading, speaking, writing …

The role of motivation and extramural English exposure in explaining individual differences
in young English language learners'(YELLs') English performance is unclear. In this study …

Research has shown that students learning English as a foreign language can enhance
their vocabulary knowledge through exposure to the target language outside of school …

This study investigates whether potential differences in the weight of out-of-school and in-
school learning environments affect the acquisition of L2 English by teenagers in two …

The present study explores the incidental learning of formulaic sequences (FS) from audio-
visual input and factors affecting the learning of FS. A pretest-posttest, within-participant …