Respiratory tract viral infection caused by viruses or bacteria is one of the most common
diseases in human worldwide, while those caused by emerging viruses, such as the novel …

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), first discovered in the 1950s, are responsible for more than
one-half of cold-like illnesses and cost billions of dollars annually in medical visits and …

Members of the Picornaviridae family are non-enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses
with a 30nm icosahedral capsid. This virus family exhibits a considerable amount of genetic …

Rhinoviruses (RVs) and respiratory enteroviruses (EVs) are leading causes of upper
respiratory tract infections and among the most frequent infectious agents in humans …

Rhinoviruses (RVs) have been reported as one of the main viral causes for severe
respiratory illnesses that may require hospitalization, competing with the burden of other …

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) frequently cause mild upper respiratory tract infections and
more severe disease manifestations such as bronchiolitis and asthma exacerbations. HRV …

Human microbiome studies have revealed the intricate interplay of host immunity and
bacterial communities to achieve homeostatic balance. Healthy skin microbial communities …

A recently recognized human rhinovirus species C (HRV-C) is associated with up to half of
HRV infections in young children. Here we propagated two HRV-C isolates ex vivo in organ …

The human respiratory tract is heavily exposed to microorganisms. Viral respiratory tract
pathogens, like RSV, influenza and rhinoviruses cause major morbidity and mortality from …

The genus Enterovirus combines a portion of small (+) ssRNA-containing viruses and is
divided into 10 species of true enteroviruses and three species of rhinoviruses. These …