This article provides a review of the production and uses of maps for autonomous driving
and a synthesis of the opportunities and challenges. For many years, maps have helped …

In this paper, we address the problem of creating an objective benchmark for evaluating
SLAM approaches. We propose a framework for analyzing the results of a SLAM approach …

In the past, there has been a tremendous amount of progress in the area of autonomous
robot navigation, and a large variety of robots have been developed that demonstrated …

Achieving full autonomy in navigation is a complicated problem. The most widely used
solution takes up the modular framework for sensing and information processing such as …

This letter is about localising a vehicle in an overhead image using FMCW radar mounted
on a ground vehicle. FMCW radar offers extraordinary promise and efficacy for vehicle …

LiDAR-based odometry and map** is used in many robotic applications to retrieve the
robot's position in an unknown environment and allows for autonomous operation in GPS …

To determine the pose of a vehicle is a fundamental problem in mobile robotics. Most
approaches relate the current sensor observations to a map generated with previously …

Localizing a vehicle in a map is essential for automated driving and various other robotic
applications. This paper addresses the problem of vehicle localization in urban …

Traditional approaches to outdoor vehicle localization assume a reliable, prior map is
available, typically built using the same sensor suite as the on-board sensors used during …

Localization is an essential capability of mobile vehicles such as robots or autonomous cars.
Localization systems that do not rely on GNSS typically require a map of the environment to …