Toll-like receptors activation, signaling, and targeting: an overview

SR El-Zayat, H Sibaii, FA Mannaa - Bulletin of the National Research …, 2019 - Springer
Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors that
constitute the first line of defense system against microbes. They can recognize both …

Oxidative stress in autism spectrum disorder—current progress of mechanisms and biomarkers

X Liu, J Lin, H Zhang, NU Khan, J Zhang… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder that has been
diagnosed in an increasing number of children around the world. Existing data suggest that …

Beyond infection-Maternal immune activation by environmental factors, microglial development, and relevance for autism spectrum disorders

SD Bilbo, CL Block, JL Bolton, R Hanamsagar… - Experimental …, 2018 - Elsevier
Immune molecules such as cytokines and chemokines and the cells that produce them
within the brain, notably microglia, are critical for normal brain development. This recognition …

The use of biomarkers associated with leaky gut as a diagnostic tool for early intervention in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review

L Al-Ayadhi, N Zayed, RS Bhat, NMS Moubayed… - Gut pathogens, 2021 - Springer
Background Innovative research highlighted the probable connection between autism
spectrum disorder (ASD) and gut microbiota as many autistic individuals have …

Immune abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder—could they hold promise for causative treatment?

D Gładysz, A Krzywdzińska, KK Hozyasz - Molecular neurobiology, 2018 - Springer
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in language and
communication development, social behavior, and the occurrence of stereotypic patterns of …

The impact of glutathione metabolism in autism spectrum disorder

G Bjørklund, MD Doşa, M Maes, M Dadar… - Pharmacological …, 2021 - Elsevier
This paper reviews the potential role of glutathione (GSH) in autism spectrum disorder
(ASD). GSH plays a key role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and maintenance of balance …

Differential regulation of Nrf2 is linked to elevated inflammation and nitrative stress in monocytes of children with autism

A Nadeem, SF Ahmad, LY Al-Ayadhi, SM Attia… - …, 2020 - Elsevier
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a very complex neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by deficits in social and communication skills. Innate immune cells like …

Imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines milieu in B cells of children with autism

A Nadeem, SF Ahmad, NO Al-Harbi, LY Al-Ayadhi… - Molecular …, 2022 - Elsevier
B cells play multiple roles in preservation of healthy immune system including management
of immune responses by expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several earlier …

Role of JAK-STAT and PPAR-gamma signalling modulators in the prevention of autism and neurological dysfunctions

R Khera, S Mehan, S Kumar, P Sethi, S Bhalla… - Molecular …, 2022 - Springer
The Janus-kinase (JAK) and signal transducer activator of transcription (STAT) signalling
pathways regulate gene expression and control various factors involved in normal …

Protective effects of vanillic acid on autistic-like behaviors in a rat model of maternal separation stress: Behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular and …

M Farzan, M Farzan, H Amini-Khoei, M Shahrani… - International …, 2023 - Elsevier
Compounds derived from herbs exhibit a range of biological properties, including anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, the exact mechanism of …