Organoids are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many
aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue. They can …

Mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) regulate essential cell behaviours,
including differentiation, migration and proliferation, through mechanotransduction. Studies …

The development of neoplasia involves a complex and continuous interplay between
malignantly transformed cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer …

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Cells' local mechanical environment can be as important in guiding cellular responses as
many well-characterized biochemical cues. Hydrogels that mimic the native extracellular …

Bone defects repair and regeneration by various causes such as tumor resection, trauma,
degeneration, etc. have always been a key issue in the clinics. As one of the few organs that …

The intimate relationship between the epithelium and immune system is crucial for
maintaining tissue homeostasis, with perturbations therein linked to autoimmune disease …

Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length
scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of …

Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

Bioprinting aims to produce 3D structures from which embedded cells can receive
mechanical and chemical stimuli that influence their behavior, direct their organization and …