The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of
microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during …

The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The
tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which …

The abundance of innate and adaptive immune cells that reside together with trillions of
beneficial commensal microorganisms in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract requires …

Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the
mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host …

The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between the
environment and the internal milieu of the body. It is essential to limit the passage of harmful …

A number of mechanisms ensure that the intestine is protected from pathogens and also
against our own intestinal microbiota. The outermost of these is the secreted mucus, which …

The intestinal tract is inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms, termed the gut
microbiota. These microorganisms live in a mutualistic relationship with their host and assist …

Humans harbour nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria that are essential for health. Millions of
years of co-evolution have moulded this human–microorganism interaction into a symbiotic …

Building and maintaining a homeostatic relationship between a host and its colonizing
microbiota entails ongoing complex interactions between the host and the microorganisms …

The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen
through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA …