Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a specialized ecosystem of host components, designed
by tumor cells for successful development and metastasis of tumor. With the advent of 3D …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most deadly type of malignant brain tumor, despite extensive
molecular analyses of GBM cells. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has …

Normal cells explore multiple states to survive stresses encountered during development
and self-renewal as well as environmental stresses such as starvation, DNA damage, toxins …

Tumor microenvironment denotes the non-cancerous cells and components presented in
the tumor, including molecules produced and released by them. The constant interactions …

Precision oncology continues to challenge the “one-size-fits-all” dogma. Under the precision
oncology banner, cancer patients are screened for molecular tumor alterations that predict …

The pharmaceutical industry has been desperately searching for efficient drug discovery
methods. Organ-on-a-Chip, a cutting-edge technology that can emulate the physiological …

Cell culture is an important and necessary process in drug discovery, cancer research, as
well as stem cell study. Most cells are currently cultured using two-dimensional (2D) …

Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have largely focused on targeting the epithelial
compartment, despite the presence of non-neoplastic stromal components that substantially …

Simple Summary Cell cultures can be carried out in three dimensions (3D). Organoids and
spheroids are different 3D cell culture models that can be cultured with different techniques …

Background and Objectives: The tumor microenvironment has been widely implicated in
tumorigenesis because it harbors tumor cells that interact with surrounding cells through the …