As polymer networks infiltrated with water, hydrogels constitute the major components of the
human body; and hydrogels have been widely used in applications that closely interact with …

The limited clean water resource has urged the need to extract fresh water from non-
conventional sources. Produced water (PW) is a potential source of fresh water, particularly …

Forward osmosis (FO) has been extensively investigated in the past decade. Despite
significant advancements in our understanding of the FO process, questions and challenges …

Recently, forward osmosis (FO) has attracted growing attention in many potential
applications such as power generation, desalination, wastewater treatment and food …

Research in the field of Forward Osmosis (FO) membrane technology has grown
significantly over the last 10 years, but its application in the scope of wastewater treatment …

Forward osmosis (FO) has been increasingly studied in the past decade for its potential as
an emerging low-energy water and wastewater treatment process. However, the term “low …

Forward osmosis (FO) has emerged as one of potential technologies to mitigate clean water
and energy shortage. Not only can it produce clean water but also energy by employing …

Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMP) have gained renewed interest in recent
years and they might become a potential solution for the world's most challenging problems …

Forward osmosis (FO) has become a promising membrane technology for desalination and
water treatment due to its simplicity, low energy consumption, and low fouling tendency …

Although water is essential for global health and the socio‐economic development of
modern society, providing fresh water universally in a sustainable and affordable manner …