Fast, high-resolution, non-destructive and quantitative characterization methods are needed
to develop materials with tailored properties at the nanoscale or to understand the …

Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their
behaviors through communication. Cell–cell communication (CCC) is essential for growth …

Since it was first demonstrated in 1987, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has become a
truly widespread and commonly used characterization technique that has been applied to a …

A current challenge in the life sciences is to understand how biological systems change their
structural, biophysical and chemical properties to adjust functionality. Addressing this issue …

Written by three leading experts in the field, this book describes and explains all essential
aspects of scanning probe microscopy. Emphasis is placed on the experimental design and …

Hydration layers are ubiquitous in life and technology. Hence, interfacial aqueous layers
have a central role in a wide range of phenomena from materials science to molecular and …

Directly observing individual protein molecules in action at high spatiotemporal resolution
has long been a holy grail for biological science. This is because we long have had to infer …

In the history of science and technology, researchers have always undertaken endeavors to
enhance the degree of “directness of measurement”. With “directness of measurement”, we …

Over the past 30 years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has played an important role in
elucidating the structure and properties of polymer surfaces. AFM-based techniques have …

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) allows direct visualization of dynamic
structural changes and processes of functioning biological molecules in physiological …