Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a biologically relevant reactive oxygen species capable of efficiently
reacting with cellular constituents. The resulting oxidatively generated damage to nucleic …

Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced
transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for …

UV-induced DNA damage plays a key role in the initiation phase of skin cancer. When left
unrepaired or when damaged cells are not eliminated by apoptosis, DNA lesions express …

The routine and often unavoidable exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation makes it one
of the most significant environmental DNA-damaging agents to which humans are exposed …

Approximately 50% of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is visible light (400-700 nm).
Other sources of visible light include lasers, light-emitting diodes, and flash lamps. Photons …

Until recently, the primary focus of photobiology has centered on the impact of UV radiation
on skin health, including DNA damage and oncogenesis; however, the significant effects of …

The adverse effects of terrestrial solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR)(~ 295–400 nm) on the skin
are well documented, especially in the UVB region (~ 295–320 nm). The effects of very long …

Eumelanin is photoprotective for pigmented tissues while pheomelanin is phototoxic. In this
review, we summarize current understanding of how eumelanin and pheomelanin structures …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for normal cell signaling and the
antimicrobial defense of the skin. However excess production of ROS can disrupt the cellular …

Accumulating evidence from numerous comprehensive studies has demonstrated that blue
light, in particular high‐energy visible light, can exert a range of harmful effects on skin cells …