Viviparity (live birth) represents a significant evolutionary innovation that has emerged in
hundreds of lineages of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. The evolution of this trait from …

Despite the great diversity of parental care types found in amphibians, studies linking them
to post-copulatory sexually selected traits are scarce, presumably due to a lack of data …

In males, large testes size signifies high sperm production and is commonly linked to
heightened sperm competition levels. It may also evolve as a response to an elevated risk of …

Poison frogs of the superfamily Dendrobatoidea have fascinated researchers since the 19th
century, which is reflected in multiple studies on their natural history, taxonomy, toxicity …

A general tenet in stress physiology is that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
predominantly produces one glucocorticoid (GC) in response to stressors. However, the two …

Females of some species improve their reproductive success not only by being choosy and
selecting males with certain traits, but also by sequentially mating with multiple males within …

The most generalized reproductive mode in anurans is the deposition of egg clutches in
water that develop into exotrophic aquatic tadpoles. Yet, despite this extended distribution …

One of the most extreme adaptations to terrestriality in anurans is direct development, where
eggs from terrestrial clutches entirely circumvent an aquatic tadpole stage and directly …

Materials and Methods The Emberá communities and traditional authorities of the Tierras
Colectivas del Río Balsas and a group of international researchers co-developed the project …

Parent-offspring interactions constitute the first contact of many newborns with their
environment, priming community assembly of microbes through priority effects. Early …