Recent studies have demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs),
including Jun N-terminus kinase (JNK), p38 and Erk, play crucial roles in cell migration. JNK …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family includes the p38 kinases, which consist
of highly conserved proline-directed serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated in …

Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is perhaps the most important component of
the airway wall remodeling process in asthma. Known mediators of ASM proliferation in cell …

Cell migration is a critical step in cancer cell invasion. Recent studies have implicated the
importance of the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in cancer …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the primary cause of global mortality.
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are integral components of vascular structure and …

Asthma is characterized by the association of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR),
inflammation, and remodelling. The aim of the present article is to review the pivotal role of …

Atherogenesis refers to the development of atheromatous plaques in the inner lining of the
arteries. These atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by accumulation of monocyte …

Introduction Calcium hydroxide has been extensively used as the gold standard for direct
pulp cap** in clinical dentistry. It induces proliferation, migration, and mineralization in …

Migration of smooth muscle cells is a process fundamental to development of hollow organs,
including blood vessels and the airways. Migration is also thought to be part of the response …

We have previously shown that thrombin induces endothelial cell barrier dysfunction via
cytoskeleton activation and contraction and have determined the important role of …