Prior to the twentieth century, theories of knowledge were inherently perceptual. Since then,
developments in logic, statistics, and programming languages have inspired amodal …

Explanations play an important role in learning and inference. People often learn by seeking
explanations, and they assess the viability of hypotheses by considering how well they …

Some in the social sciences argue that the same logic applies to both qualitative and
quantitative methods. In A Tale of Two Cultures, Gary Goertz and James Mahoney …

The past few decades have seen an explosion of research on causal reasoning in
philosophy, computer science, and statistics, as well as descriptive work in psychology. In …

The authors address the assumptions and methods that allow us to turn observations into
causal knowledge, and use even incomplete causal knowledge in planning and prediction …

This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date look at problem solving research and
practice over the last fifteen years. The first chapter describes differences in types of …

Research in open-domain commonsense reasoning has been hindered by the lack of
evaluation metrics for judging progress and comparing alternative approaches. Taking …

Essentialism is the idea that certain categories, such as" dog,"" man," or" intelligence," have
an underlying reality or true nature that gives objects their identity. Where does this idea …

Na primeira vez em que me propus a escrever este livro, tanto eu como os meus alunos sa
bíamos o que era necessário haver em um livro didático (ou pelo menos era assim que eu …

In social psychology, the term attribution has two primary meanings. The first refers to
explanations of behavior; the second refers to inferences or ascriptions. Fritz Heider …