Earlier models of integrated pest management (IPM) focused on ecological aspects of pest
management. With the recent developments in agricultural technology, modern …

The use of pesticides made it possible to increase yields, simplify crop** systems, and
forego more complicated crop protection strategies. Over-reliance on chemical control …

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important elements that has a central impact on plant growth
and yield. N is also widely involved in plant stress responses, but its roles in host-pathogen …

The maize smut fungus Ustilago maydis is a model organism for elucidating host
colonization strategies of biotrophic fungi. Here, we performed an in depth transcriptional …

Plants under natural environment facing various pathogens, tend to produce defense to
maintain their fitness and minimize pathogenic damage. Plant-pathogens interaction is …

Nitrogen (N) is essential for life and is a major limiting factor of plant growth. Because soils
frequently lack sufficient N, large quantities of inorganic N fertilizers are added to soils for …

A great deal of information is available in the literature on the effects of nutrition on disease
development in plants and crops. However, much of this information is contradictory and …

Ecological intensification of agriculture calls for ecological mechanisms to replace
anthropogenic inputs. Cereal/legume intercrop** increases yields due to species …

Predisposition results from abiotic stresses occurring prior to infection that affect
susceptibility of plants to disease. The environment is seldom optimal for plant growth, and …

During infection, fungal pathogens activate virulence mechanisms, such as host adhesion,
penetration and invasive growth. In the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum, the …