Novel subtypes of Asian-origin (Goose/Guangdong lineage) H5 highly pathogenic avian
influenza (HPAI) viruses belonging to clade 2.3. 4, such as H5N2, H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8 …

Simple Summary Avian influenza viruses are highly contagious respiratory viruses that
severely impact bird populations, causing significant morbidity, mortality, and economic …

Since 2002, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have been associated
with deaths in numerous wild avian species throughout Eurasia. We assessed the clinical …

Avian influenza (AI) viruses vary in their ability to produce infection, disease and death in
different bird species. Based on the pathobiological effect in chickens, AI viruses (AIV) are …

Avian influenza (AI) viruses are a diverse group of viruses that can be divided into 144
subtypes, based on different combinations of the 16 hemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase …

Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious disease among the poultry population with high avian
mortality, which generates significant economic losses and elevated costs for disease …

Avian influenza virus (AIV) remains a global threat, with waterfowl serving as the primary
reservoir from which viruses spread to other hosts. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) …

The role of wild birds in the epidemiology of the Asian lineage highly pathogenic avian
influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 epizootic and their contribution to the spread of the …

Influenza A viruses are important veterinary and human health pathogens that all share
many genetic characteristics. Wild birds are thought to be the primordial reservoirs of …

The route by which highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus spreads
systemically, including the central nervous system (CNS), is largely unknown in mammals …