Interactions connect the units of ecological systems, forming networks. Individual-based
networks characterize variation in niches among individuals within populations. These …

Biodiversity is unevenly distributed on Earth and hotspots of biodiversity are often
associated with areas that have undergone orogenic activity during recent geological history …

Founder-event speciation, where a rare jump dispersal event founds a new genetically
isolated lineage, has long been considered crucial by many historical biogeographers, but …

Historical biogeography has a diversity of methods for inferring ancestral geographic ranges
on phylogenies, but many of the methods have conflicting assumptions, and there is no …

Adaptive radiation plays a fundamental role in our understanding of the evolutionary
process. However, the concept has provoked strong and differing opinions concerning its …

The tempo of species diversification in large clades can reveal fundamental evolutionary
mechanisms that operate on large temporal and spatial scales [1–4]. Hummingbirds have …

The origin, distribution, and function of biological diversity are fundamental themes of
ecology and evolutionary biology. Research on birds has played a major role in the history …

Colonization, speciation and extinction are dynamic processes that influence global patterns
of species richness,,,,–. Island biogeography theory predicts that the contribution of these …

Adaptive radiation is the rise of a diversity of ecological roles and role‐specific adaptations
within a lineage. Recently, some researchers have begun to use 'adaptive radiation'or …

Spatial and temporal differences in ecological opportunity can result in disparity of net
species diversification rates and consequently uneven distribution of taxon richness across …