Twelve regulated cell death programs have been described. We review in detail the basic
biology of nine including death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated …

The ubiquitin system is complex, multifaceted, and is crucial for the modulation of a vast
number of cellular processes. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated at different levels by a range …

The deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs, also known as deubiquitylases or deubiquitinases)
maintain the dynamic state of the cellular ubiquitome by releasing conjugated ubiquitin from …

Apoptosis is crucial for the normal development of the nervous system, whereas neurons in
the adult CNS are relatively resistant to this form of cell death. However, under pathological …

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF; TNFα) is a critical regulator of immune responses in
healthy organisms and in disease. TNF is involved in the development and proper …

Protein ubiquitination is one of the most powerful posttranslational modifications of proteins,
as it regulates a plethora of cellular processes in distinct manners. Simple …

Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal
integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF …

RIPK1 kinase has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide
range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. This was …

Ubiquitylation is an essential posttranslational modification that controls cell division,
differentiation, and survival in all eukaryotes. By combining multiple E3 ligases (writers) …