Objective: This article provides a review of empirical studies of automated vehicle takeovers
and driver modeling to identify influential factors and their impacts on takeover performance …

Abstract Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) have obtained much attention in
recent years. Navigation with human–machine cooperation is the core for L1–L3 MASS. In …

An important question in automated driving research is how quickly drivers take over control
of the vehicle in response to a critical event or a take-over request. Although a large number …

Automated driving can fundamentally change road transportation and improve quality of life.
However, at present, the role of humans in automated vehicles (AVs) is not clearly …

Shared control is an increasingly popular approach to facilitate control and communication
between humans and intelligent machines. However, there is little consensus in guidelines …

When a highly automated car reaches its operational limits, it needs to provide a take-over
request (TOR) in order for the driver to resume control. The aim of this simulator-based study …

Shared control schemes allow a human driver to work with an automated driving agent in
driver-vehicle systems while retaining the driverʼ s abilities to control. The human driver, as …

An important research question in the domain of highly automated driving is how to aid
drivers in transitions between manual and automated control. Until highly automated cars …

Drivers of automated cars may occasionally need to take back manual control after a period
of inattentiveness. At present, it is unknown how long it takes to build up situation awareness …

Differing forms of self-operating transportation are already among us and some have been
in operation now for an extended period of time. From elevators and escalators to airport …