Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the
climate through its transport of heat in the North Atlantic Ocean. Decadal changes in the …

Two decades of high-resolution satellite observations and climate modeling studies have
indicated strong ocean–atmosphere coupled feedback mediated by ocean mesoscale …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs)—extremely warm, persistent sea surface temperature (SST)
anomalies causing substantial ecological and economic consequences—have increased …

The current generation of climate models does not properly resolve oceanic mesoscale
processes in tropical oceans, such as tropical instability waves. The associated deficit in …

Extreme atmospheric rivers (EARs) are responsible for most of the severe precipitation and
disastrous flooding along the coastal regions in midlatitudes. However, the current non-eddy …

This Perspective evaluates recent progress in modeling nature–society systems to inform
sustainable development. We argue that recent work has begun to address longstanding …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs), episodic periods of abnormally high sea surface temperature,
severely affect marine ecosystems. Large marine ecosystems (LMEs) cover~ 22% of the …

State-of-the-art Earth system models typically employ grid spacings of O (100 km), which is
too coarse to explicitly resolve main drivers of the flow of energy and matter across the Earth …

Abstract The Atlantic Niño/Niña is a dominant mode of interannual variability peaking in
boreal summer with substantial climate impacts. How the Atlantic Niño/Niña sea surface …