Neurotransmitters play critical roles in the develo** nervous system. Among the
neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (NE) is in particular postulated to be an important …

Norepinephrine (NE) is synthesized in the Locus Coeruleus (LC) of the brainstem, from
where it is released by axonal varicosities throughout the brain via volume transmission. A …

The cerebral cortex generates flexible behavior by learning. Reinforcement learning is
thought to be driven by error signals in midbrain dopamine neurons. However, they project …

Brain PCO 2 is sensed primarily via changes in [H+]. Small pH changes are detected in the
medulla oblongata and trigger breathing adjustments that help maintain arterial PCO 2 …

Abstract The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is the primary noradrenergic nucleus in the brain with
widespread projections driving changes in cognitive state and animal behaviour. The LC is …

It is unclear whether quantum phenomena can be observed in brain recordings because of
thermal noise causing decoherence, that is, quantum superpositions and entanglement …

The locus coeruleus (LC), as the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, is
central to modulating cognitive and behavioral processes. This review synthesizes recent …

Already in newborns, the locus coeruleus (LC) controls multiple brain functions and may
have a complex organization as in adults. Our findings in newborn rat brain slices indicate …

Infant rats randomly cycle between the slee** and waking states, which are tightly
correlated with the activity of mutually inhibitory brainstem sleep and wake populations …

In early infancy, rats randomly alternate between the slee** and waking states–from
postnatal day 2–10 (P2-P10), sleep and wake bouts are both exponentially distributed with …