Background Micro-organisms transmitted from vertebrate animals–including livestock–to
humans account for an estimated 60% of human pathogens. Micro-organisms can be …

Summary Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses have caused many, typically severe, human
infections since the first human case was reported in 1997. However, no comprehensive …

Background Time series models can play an important role in disease prediction. Incidence
data can be used to predict the future occurrence of disease events. Developments in …

The aim of this work was to explore the comparative epidemiology of influenza viruses,
H5N1 and H7N9, in both bird and human populations. Specifically, the article examines …

Co-circulation of influenza A (H5N1) and seasonal influenza viruses among humans and
animals could lead to co-infections, reassortment, and emergence of novel viruses with …

Current situation The global influenza surveillance and response system (GISRS),
coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a global framework for surveillance …

The economy of Ethiopia largely depends on agriculture and roughly 80% of the households
have direct contact with domestic animals which make the community vulnerable to zoonotic …

For almost a decade, Egypt has been endemic for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
A (H5N1) viruses. In addition to being catastrophic for poultry production, A (H5N1) has also …

Throughout history, infectious diseases have been inextricably linked with human health,
affecting the development and advancement of societies as well as human evolution. 1, 2 …

West Nile virus (WNV)—a mosquito-borne arbovirus—entered the USA through New York
City in 1999 and spread to the contiguous USA within three years while transitioning from …