BACKGROUND Anthropogenic emissions are rapidly altering Earth's climate, pushing it
toward a warmer state for which there is no historical precedent. Although no perfect analog …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

While the climate evolution of North America during the last deglaciation has received
considerable attention, few detailed model–data comparisons of the deglacial hydroclimate …

The peopling of the Americas marks a major expansion of humans across the planet.
However, questions regarding the timing and mechanisms of this dispersal remain, and the …

Two different hypotheses, glacioeustasy and groundwater aquifer eustasy, have been
proposed to explain short-term, high-amplitude sea-level oscillations during past …

Abstract The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) was initiated in 2008. Over
two phases PlioMIP has helped co-ordinate the experimental design and publication …

Atriplex is the most species-rich genus of Amaranthaceae and one of the largest C 4 clades
in eudicots. Distributed predominantly in the arid subtropical and temperate regions …

Lake and cave records show that winter precipitation in the southwestern United States
increased substantially during millennial-scale periods of Northern Hemisphere winter …

Reconstructions of temperature and hydrology from lake sedimentary archives have made
fundamental contributions to our understanding of past, present, and future climate and help …