Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their
behaviors through communication. Cell–cell communication (CCC) is essential for growth …

In the past 2 decades, major changes have occurred in the epidemiological and treatment
landscape of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previously regarded as a disease of …

Arterial stiffness is a growing epidemic associated with increased risk of cardiovascular
events, dementia, and death. Decreased compliance of the central vasculature alters arterial …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by progressive
remodeling of the distal pulmonary arteries, resulting in the loss of vascular cross-sectional …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that regulate the cellular levels
of the second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, by controlling their rates of degradation. There …

Natriuretic peptides are a family of structurally related but genetically distinct
hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood volume, blood pressure, ventricular …

The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the
blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in …

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides,
including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate …

A proper dialogue between spermatozoa and the egg is essential for conception of a new
individual in sexually reproducing animals. Ca2+ is crucial in orchestrating this unique event …

Sustained cardiac pressure overload induces hypertrophy and pathological remodeling,
frequently leading to heart failure. Genetically engineered hyperstimulation of guanosine …