The term 'obstetrical dilemma'was coined by Washburn in 1960 to describe the trade‐off
between selection for a larger birth canal, permitting successful passage of a big‐brained …

It seems puzzling why humans have evolved such a small and rigid birth canal that entails a
relatively complex process of labor compared with the birth canal of our closest relatives, the …

The study of sexual dimorphism in human crania has important applications in the fields of
human evolution and human osteology. Current, the identification of sex from cranial …

Compared to other primates, modern humans face high rates of maternal and neonatal
morbidity and mortality during childbirth. Since the early 20th century, this “difficulty” of …

Human adolescent and adult skeletons exhibit sexual dimorphism in the pelvis. However,
the degree of sexual dimorphism of the human pelvis during prenatal development remains …

The obstetrical dilemma describes the competing demands that a bipedally adapted pelvis
and a large‐brained neonate place on human childbirth and is the predominant model …

Sex is a biological trait fundamental to the study of hominin fossils. Among the many
questions that can be addressed are those related to taxonomy, biological variability, sexual …

The evolution of human pelvic form is primarily studied using disarticulated osteological
material of living and fossil primates that need rearticulation to approximate anatomical …

Under the obstetrical dilemma hypothesis, sexual dimorphism in pelvic shape is a solution to
accommodate high fetopelvic constraints. It is therefore unclear why chimpanzees display a …

The human pelvis has been reported to change in shape throughout adult lifetime, and also
the expression of parturition scars, or “pelvic features”, increases with age. However, little is …