The field of neuropsychopharmacology relies on behavioral assays to quantify behavioral
processes related to mental illness and substance use disorders. Although these assays …

Simple Summary When male mice are kept in groups at animal facilities, aggressive
interactions between cage mates are not uncommon. Systematically reviewing previous …

With the advent of transgenic and other genetic engineering technologies, the versatility and
usefulness of the mouse as a model in biomedical research has soared. Revised to reflect …

Simple Summary Sex bias—the use of one sex over the other—is a common practice in
biomedical research, typically with over selection of male animals. There are a number of …

Laboratory mice are typically housed in “shoebox” cages with limited opportunities to
engage in natural behaviour. Temporary access to environments with increased space and …

The feeding pattern and control of energy intake in mice housed in groups are poorly
understood. Here, we determined and quantified the normal feeding microstructure of social …

Introduction: Single housing of laboratory mice is a common practice to meet experimental
needs, or to avoid intermale aggression. However, single housing is considered to …

Aim Antimicrobial‐induced shifts in commensal oral microbiota can dysregulate helper T‐
cell oral immunity to affect osteoclast–osteoblast actions in alveolar bone. Antibiotic …

Apelin is a small peptide secreted by the adipose tissue notably in conditions of obesity-
induced hyper-insulinemia. Apelin exerts a range of physiological functions at the periphery …

Laboratory animals are subjected to multiple manipulations by scientists or animal care
providers. The stress this causes can have profound effects on animal well-being and can …