Proteins are highly labile molecules, thus requiring the presence of appropriate solvents and
excipients in their liquid milieu to keep their stability and biological activity. In this field, ionic …

Interactions induced by electromagnetic fluctuations, such as van der Waals and Casimir
forces, are of universal nature present at any length scale between any types of systems …

Charge and proton transfer reactions in the excited states of organic dyes can be coupled in
many different ways. Despite the complementarity of charges, they can occur on different …

Solvatochromism is commonly used in many fields of chemical and biological research to
study bulk and local polarity in macrosystems (membranes, etc.), or even the conformation …

A hydrogen bond is an interaction wherein a hydrogen atom is attracted to two atoms, rather
than just one, and acts like a bridge between them. The strength of this attraction increases …

We present an overview of studies on the ultrafast dynamics of water at aqueous interfaces
carried out by time-resolved vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopies …

This review deals with dynamics of water molecules in the hydration layer that surrounds
selfassemblies and proteins in aqueous solutions. This topic has not only seen a vigorous …

Almost all biological macromoleculessproteins (enzymes) and DNAsare inactive in the
absence of water. Hydration of a protein/enzyme is particularly important for the stability of …

Hydrogels are soft and wet materials with a three-dimensional porous network structure,
capable of swelling to retain a large volume of water and maintaining semi-solid integrity. In …

Enzymes play a key role in almost all biological processes, accelerating a variety of
metabolic reactions as well as controlling energy transduction, the transcription, and …