The rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research
fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad of advanced 3D printing techniques …

Rationally designed architected materials have attained previously untapped territories in
materials property space. The properties and behaviours of architected materials need not …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures.
These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward …

Systems with programmable and complex shape morphing are highly desired in many fields
wherein sensing, actuation, and manipulation must be performed. Living organisms use …

Microrobots have attracted considerable attention due to their extensive applications in
microobject manipulation and targeted drug delivery. To realize more complex micro …

A novel and versatile shape memory ink system allowing 4D printing with light at the
macroscale as well as the microscale is presented. Digital light processing (DLP) and direct …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

Inspired by the flexible joints of humans, actuators containing soft joints have been
developed for various applications, including soft grippers, artificial muscles, and wearable …