During the last 100 years, cell signaling has evolved into a common mechanism for most
physiological processes across systems. Although the majority of cell signaling principles …

Protein phosphorylation plays a cardinal role in regulating many cellular processes in
eukaryotes. In particular, protein phosphorylation is a major currency of signal transduction …

This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins
directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide …

cAMP (3′, 5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger that in eukaryotic
cells induces physiological responses ranging from growth, differentiation, and gene …

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms play a major role in stimulating the
replication, survival, and migration of myofibroblasts during the pathogenesis of fibrotic …

Hormonal stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the cAMP-dependent
protein kinase PKA regulates cell growth by multiple mechanisms. A hallmark of cAMP is its …

G proteins provide signal-coupling mechanisms to heptahelical cell surface receptors and
are critically involved in the regulation of different mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) …

Although Ca 2+-stimulated cAMP response element binding protein–(CREB-) dependent
transcription has been implicated in growth, differentiation, and neuroplasticity, mechanisms …

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) exerts its stimulatory effects on cell growth and motility
by binding to two related protein tyrosine kinase receptors. Ligand binding induces receptor …