Plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous and multifunctional enzymes
encoded by large gene families. A characteristic feature of GST genes is their high …

Industrialization and urbanization have posed serious threats to the environment. Excessive
release of heavy metals from industrial effluents and overuse of pesticides in modern …

Increasing heavy metal (HM) concentrations in the soil have become a significant problem in
the modern industrialized world due to several anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals (HMs) …

Plants cannot survive without glutathione (γ‐glutamylcysteinylglycine) or γ‐glutamylcysteine‐
containing homologues. The reasons why this small molecule is indispensable are not fully …

Modern herbicides make major contributions to global food production by easily removing
weeds and substituting for destructive soil cultivation. However, persistent herbicide …

Phytoremediation the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental
cleanup, the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup, has …

The glutathione S-transferases (GST) represent a major group of detoxification enzymes. All
eukaryotic species possess multiple cytosolic and membrane-bound GST isoenzymes, each …

ABC transporters constitute one of the largest protein families found in all living organisms.
ABC transporters are driven by ATP hydrolysis and can act as exporters as well as …

The glutathione transferases (GSTs; also known as glutathione S-transferases) are major
phase II detoxification enzymes found mainly in the cytosol. In addition to their role in …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have multifaceted roles in the orchestration of plant gene
expression and gene-product regulation. Cellular redox homeostasis is considered to be an …