When a phenological shift affects a demographic vital rate such as survival or reproduction,
the altered vital rate may or may not have population-level consequences. We review the …

Forests harbour large spatiotemporal heterogeneity in canopy structure. This variation drives
the microclimate and light availability at the forest floor. So far, we do not know how light …

Temperate understory plant species are at risk from climate change and anthropogenic
threats that include increased deer herbivory, habitat loss, pollinator declines and mismatch …

Interacting species can respond differently to climate change, causing unexpected
consequences. Many understorey wildflowers in deciduous forests leaf out and flower in the …

The phenologies of co‐occurring trees and spring‐blooming understory herbs in
northeastern North American hardwood forests appear to be regulated by different …

Climate change is disrupting phenology and interaction patterns of natural ecosystems, but
also human activities that modify land-uses have a direct impact, especially on species …

Recent evidence suggests that community science and herbarium datasets yield similar
estimates of species' phenological sensitivities to temperature. Despite this, two recent …

Light availability profoundly influences plant communities, especially below dense tree
canopies in forests. Canopy disturbances, altering forest floor light conditions, together with …

Species are altering their phenology to track warming temperatures. In forests, understorey
plants experience tree canopy shading resulting in light and temperature conditions, which …

Spring leaf phenology influences plant fitness and is highly sensitive to environmental
changes. The spring phenological escape hypothesis posits that deciduous understory …