Soft robotics is an emerging technology requiring conductive materials with inherently high
compliance to sense, control or actuate. Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene …

Noncovalent interactions, which usually feature tunable strength, reversibility, and
environmental adaptability, have been recognized as driving forces in a variety of biological …

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels with programmable shape changes are promising materials
for soft robots, four-dimensional printing, biomedical devices and artificial intelligence …

Conductive hydrogels can be prepared by incorporating various conductive materials into
polymeric network hydrogels. In recent years, conductive hydrogels have been developed …

The development of next-generation bioelectronics, as well as the powering of consumer
and medical devices, require power sources that are soft, flexible, extensible, and even …

Ion is one of the most common additives that can impart electrical conductivity to insulating
hydrogels. The concurrent toughening effect of ions, however, is often neglected. This work …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are renowned for their large, reversible, and anisotropic
shape change in response to various external stimuli due to their lightly cross‐linked …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

Nature endows numerous organisms with the ability to realize their basic physiological
activities through stimulus-responsive actuation. Inspired by these interesting biological …

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)—the simplest and most common silicone compound—
exemplifies the central characteristics of its class and has attracted tremendous research …