Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems,
providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as …

Abstract The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) provides a major
impetus for the restoration and conservation of blue carbon ecosystems to address the …

Tidal wetlands are expected to respond dynamically to global environmental change, but the
extent to which wetland losses have been offset by gains remains poorly understood. We …

Mangroves are a globally important ecosystem that provides a wide range of ecosystem
system services, such as carbon capture and storage, coastal protection and fisheries …

Salt marshes provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, coastal protection,
sea-level-rise (SLR) adaptation and recreation. SLR, storm events, drainage and mangrove …

Observations of woody plant mortality in coastal ecosystems are globally widespread, but
the overarching processes and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This …

Black-box algorithms are among the dominant mangrove map** approaches with
complex decision-making procedures. Model internals and tacit knowledge were neglected …

Vegetated coastal ecosystems sequester carbon rapidly relative to terrestrial ecosystems.
Coastal wetlands are poorly represented in land surface models, but work is underway to …

Carbon monitoring is critical for the reporting and verification of carbon stocks and change.
Remote sensing is a tool increasingly used to estimate the spatial heterogeneity, extent and …

We review the functioning and sustainability of coastal marshes and mangroves. Urbanized
humans have a 7,000-year-old enduring relationship to coastal wetlands. Wetlands include …