Due to an increase in the consumption of food, feed, fuel and to meet global food security
needs for the rapidly growing human population, there is a necessity to breed high yielding …

Functional–structural plant models (FSPMs) have been evolving for over 2 decades and
their future development, to some extent, depends on the value of potential applications in …

Background Three–dimensional root architectural models emerged in the late 1980s,
providing an opportunity to conceptualise and investigate that all important part of plants that …

Highlights•High throughput phenoty** with genomic association.•Rapidly identifies
candidate genes.•Enables separation of pleiotropy and linkage to overcome …

Due to the rise of laser scanning the 3D geometry of plant architecture is easy to acquire.
Nevertheless, an automated interpretation and, finally, the segmentation into functional …

Agent-based modelling (ABM) has become an established methodology in many areas of
biology, ranging from the cellular to the ecological population and community levels. In plant …

Hyperspectral sensors are able to detect biological processes of plants which are invisible to
the naked eye. Close-range cameras in particular support the identification of biotic and …

The interaction between carbon and flows within the vasculature is at the centre of most
growth and developmental processes. Understanding how these fluxes influence each …

Growth of an individual tree in a forest depends on multiple factors amongst which size, age
and stand density can be of particular importance. The ability to understand how these …

In current rice breeding programs, morphological parameters such as plant height, leaf
length and width, leaf angle, panicle architecture, and tiller number during the grain filling …