Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, leads to a rise in the temperature of the Earth's oceans. These gases act as …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged extreme oceanic warm water events. They can
have devastating impacts on marine ecosystems—for example, causing mass coral …

While marine kelp forests have provided valuable ecosystem services for millennia, the
global ecological and economic value of those services is largely unresolved. Kelp forests …

Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of
the world's coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have disappeared and been replaced by …

Kelps are ecologically important primary producers and ecosystem engineers, and play a
central role in structuring nearshore temperate habitats. They play an important role in …

Climate-driven changes in biotic interactions can profoundly alter ecological communities,
particularly when they impact foundation species. In marine systems, changes in herbivory …

LOUISE B. FIRTH1, ANTONY M. KNIGHTS2, DANIELLE BRIDGER3, ALLY J. EVANS4,
NOVA MIESZKOWSKA5, 6, PIPPA J. MOORE4, NESSA E. O'CONNOR7, EMMA V …

Kelp forests define> 8000km of temperate coastline across southern Australia, where~ 70%
of Australians live, work and recreate. Despite this, public and political awareness of the …

Sea urchin barrens are benthic communities on rocky subtidal reefs that are dominated by
urchins and coralline algae; in the absence of intense herbivory by urchins, these barrens …

Kelp forests along temperate and polar coastlines represent some of most diverse and
productive habitats on the Earth. Here, we synthesize information from> 60 years of research …